![]() ![]() Nevertheless, several historical markers can be identified approximately. Space constraints here preclude a comprehensive review of how the current layout of the field has arisen for study of mental processes in the human brain. Scientific study of the human mind and brain has apparently come of age in the past decade or so, with a series of remarkable methodological breakthroughs, and theoretical advances, in addition to an ever-growing number of empirical findings. ![]() biomedical, psychological and computational), in a highly interdisciplinary field. Nowadays, most cutting-edge research on human brain function fuses the three very different traditions or strands together (i.e. This approach has some historical roots in the development of intelligent machines during the computer revolution, but has since become a sophisticated mathematical branch of neuroscience. More recently, a further key approach has involved computational modelling of cognitive functions in the brain. These originally grew out of philosophy of mind, but then became determinedly experimental. In addition to the biomedical approach, studies of the human mind and brain have also benefited greatly from psychological approaches. Hence, this field has become a key part of biomedical science. Studies of human brain function (together with related animal studies) are thus critical for understanding major neurological and psychiatric disease. Disrupted brain function is also increasingly thought to underlie the major mental illnesses. Specific cognitive functions can be severely impaired, even while others remain intact in the same person. Many devastating and disabling conditions are a consequence of disrupted brain function, as in cases of dementia or following a stroke. In addition to being beneficiaries of the brain's complex functioning, people can also be victims of this. How can seemingly immaterial entities such as thoughts and memories arise from biological material? Advances in neuroscience have now led to wide acceptance in science and medicine that all aspects of our mental life-our perceptions, thoughts, memories, actions, plans, language, understanding of others and so on-in fact depend upon brain function. For centuries, the relation of the human mind to the brain has been debated. ![]()
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